1. State: All individuals and institutions that make public policy, whether they are in the government or not.
2. Empirical Data: acquired by observation or experimentation. This data is recorded and analyzed by scientists and is a central process as part of the scientific method.
3. Normative Data; a judgment assigning a value to something.
4. Ethnic Forces: if a state contains strong ethnic groups with identities that differ from those of the majority, it can threaten the territorial integrity of the state itself
5. Economic Forces: economic inequalities may also decentralize a nation state, particularly if the inequalities are regional
6. Linkage Institutions: connect the government to its citizens
7. Political Party: organization that contests elections or otherwise contends for power
8. Two-Party System: only two major parties, rare
9. Multi-Party System: more than two strong parties, usually arise in parliamentary systems, most common
10. Media: mass communication
11. First Past the Post: constituencies are divided into single-member districts where candidates compete for a single seat. Thi sis the winner takes all method because the winner does not need a majority to win, but must get more votes than anyone else
12. Proportional Representation: number of seats acquired is proportional to the percentage of votes gained
13. Multi-Member District: more than one legislative seat is contested in each district
14. Single-Member Constituencies: small geographic areas, approximately equal in population, which elect one representative
15. Political Socialization: how citizens learn about politics in their country
16. Political Participation: obeying laws, following lawyers, paying taxes, voting, working for political candidates, joining political parties, etc.
17. Voting Behavior: whether or not citizens vote, who is eligible to vote, and what is the purpose of the elections
18. Transparency: government that operates openly by keeping citizens informed about government operation and political issues and by responding to citizens' questions and advice
19. Civil Society: voluntary organizations outside of the state that help people define and advance their own interest
20. Immigration: the action of coming to live permanently in a foreign country
21. Emigration: the action of leaving one's country to live in another
22. Social Cleavages: the division of people in a society along the lines of social issues and how that influences their voting decisions
23. Civil Liberties: freedom of belief, speech, and assembly
24. Cross-Cutting Cleavages: divide society into many potential groups that may conflict on one issue but cooperate on another
25. Social Movements: organized collective activities that aim to bring about or resist fundamental change in an existing group or society
26. Spatial forces: distance, remoteness and peripheral location promote devolution
27. Interest Group: an organization formed to work for the views of a relatively narrow group of people, such as a trade union or business association
2. Empirical Data: acquired by observation or experimentation. This data is recorded and analyzed by scientists and is a central process as part of the scientific method.
3. Normative Data; a judgment assigning a value to something.
4. Ethnic Forces: if a state contains strong ethnic groups with identities that differ from those of the majority, it can threaten the territorial integrity of the state itself
5. Economic Forces: economic inequalities may also decentralize a nation state, particularly if the inequalities are regional
6. Linkage Institutions: connect the government to its citizens
7. Political Party: organization that contests elections or otherwise contends for power
8. Two-Party System: only two major parties, rare
9. Multi-Party System: more than two strong parties, usually arise in parliamentary systems, most common
10. Media: mass communication
11. First Past the Post: constituencies are divided into single-member districts where candidates compete for a single seat. Thi sis the winner takes all method because the winner does not need a majority to win, but must get more votes than anyone else
12. Proportional Representation: number of seats acquired is proportional to the percentage of votes gained
13. Multi-Member District: more than one legislative seat is contested in each district
14. Single-Member Constituencies: small geographic areas, approximately equal in population, which elect one representative
15. Political Socialization: how citizens learn about politics in their country
16. Political Participation: obeying laws, following lawyers, paying taxes, voting, working for political candidates, joining political parties, etc.
17. Voting Behavior: whether or not citizens vote, who is eligible to vote, and what is the purpose of the elections
18. Transparency: government that operates openly by keeping citizens informed about government operation and political issues and by responding to citizens' questions and advice
19. Civil Society: voluntary organizations outside of the state that help people define and advance their own interest
20. Immigration: the action of coming to live permanently in a foreign country
21. Emigration: the action of leaving one's country to live in another
22. Social Cleavages: the division of people in a society along the lines of social issues and how that influences their voting decisions
23. Civil Liberties: freedom of belief, speech, and assembly
24. Cross-Cutting Cleavages: divide society into many potential groups that may conflict on one issue but cooperate on another
25. Social Movements: organized collective activities that aim to bring about or resist fundamental change in an existing group or society
26. Spatial forces: distance, remoteness and peripheral location promote devolution
27. Interest Group: an organization formed to work for the views of a relatively narrow group of people, such as a trade union or business association